空间微小碎片对光学玻璃的污染效应研究

航天器在轨服役期间会遭受到大量空间微小碎片撞击作用。这些微陨石和空间微小碎片可能在光学玻璃表面碰撞产生陷坑,也可能吸附在航天器光学玻璃表面造成污染。文章介绍了采用静电式粉尘加速器使微米级铝粉末低速撞击K8光学玻璃,在玻璃表面吸附大量的粉尘粒子。研究结果表明,被铝粒子污染的光学玻璃透过率明显下降。透过率下降与污染程度成比例。对光学玻璃表面单个粒子陷坑计算分析表明,粒子吸附在玻璃表面时,比粒子陷入一定深度造成的光线衰减更大。

A Study on Pollution Effect of Space Micro-debris on Optical Glass

Spacecraft will be influenced by large amount of small debris in space during flight on orbit. These microaerolites and small debris in space may cause defects such as crater or be absorbed due to impact on the surface of optical glass in spacecraft. An electrostatic type dust accelerator is used to make aluminum powders of the micron order impact k8 optical glass with a low speed, and make the glass surface adsorb a mass of dust particles. The results show that the transmittance in the contaminated area by the aluminium particles is remarkably decreased. The decrease extent in transmittance is proportional to the degree of pollution. The calculation on a single crater indicates that the light attenuation is larger when the particles are just adsorbed on the glass surface than when they are penetrated into the glass by some depth.