运载火箭贮箱增压消能器性能仿真与结构方案分析

为了更好地认识液体火箭贮箱增压消能器的工作过程，为消能器的结构方案设计提供支撑，针对典型的锥型和直筒型消能器的结构形式建立仿真模型，使用稳态方法仿真得到气体在消能器内的流场分布情况和消能器内部结构对压力损失和减速效果的影响。根据仿真结果给出消能器结构方案并进行试验，通过试验结果验证了仿真结果的准确性。结果表明：锥型和直筒型消能器的第一层节流结构是造成压力损失的主要部件；对于直筒型消能器，数值仿真的压降大小与试验结果的相对误差为6.3%；入口高速气流直接流经第一层节流结构比先经过扩容再流过第一层节流结构造成的压力损失更大；直筒型消能器的出口面积利用率随着均流筛网距离的增加有着先增加后减小的特点；样条曲线样式的导流锥能提高消能器的出口面积利用率。对贮箱增压消能器内部流场的数值仿真可以为消能器结构设计提供重要依据。

Performance Simulation and Structure Scheme Analysis of Pressurization Energy Diffuser for Launch Vehicle Tanks

In order to better understand the working process of the liquid rocket tank pressurization energy diffuser and provide basis for the design of the structural scheme of the energy diffuser, the simulation models of the typical diffusers with the taper and cylindrical structures were established and simulated with a steady state method to get the flow characteristics of the gas in the diffuser and the effects of the diffuser structures on pressure and velocity reduction.According to the simulation results, the structure of diffuser was designed and tested.The simulation accuracy was verified by using the test results.The results show that the pressure drop of the first-layer throttling structure of the diffuser is the main component of the total pressure drop.For the cylindrical diffuser, the relative error of pressure drop between simulation and test is 6.3%; the pressure drop of the high-velocity pressurizing gas flowing directly through the first-layer throttle structure is higher than that of the pressurizing gas firstly being expanded then flowing through the first layer of throttling structure; The cylindrical diffuser has the performance that the outlet area utilization rate will increase firstly and then decrease with increasing of the distance of the screens; The spline-shaped diversion cone can increase the outlet area utilization rate of the cylindrical diffuser.In summary, the numerical simulation of the flow field inside the energy diffuser can provide important basis for the structure scheme design of the energy diffuser.