卫星超高速撞击解体碎片特性的试验研究

为了研究超高速撞击下卫星解体碎片的分布特性,在弹道靶上开展了三次模拟卫星的超高速撞击试验。发射铝合金钝锥弹丸以3.2km/s～4.2km/s的速度撞击模拟卫星,对解体碎片进行回收、测量和统计分析,结果表明:碎片累积数量与碎片特征尺寸/特征质量在对数坐标系中基本呈直线关系,且碎片尺寸分布和质量分布在形式上和规律上具有高度相似性。通过数据拟合得到了碎片尺寸和质量分布的具体函数形式,分析了碎片质量分布与尺寸分布之间的内在关系。将试验结果与NASA标准解体模型进行了比较,讨论了两者的差别及其原因。

Experimental Study on Characteristics of Satellite Breakup Debris

To study the characteristics of debris generated by satellite breakup,three hypervelocity impact tests for simulated satellites are carried out at the ballistic range.The simulated satellites are impacted by aluminum blunt nosed cone projectiles at velocities ranging from 3.2km/s to 4.2km/s.The breakup fragments are collected,weighed,size measured and catalogued.The test results show that: 1) the cumulative number of debris is expressed as a good linear relation to characteristic length or mass in logarithmic coordinates,2) the debris size and mass distributions are very similar in basic forms and patterns.The expression formulas of size and mass distributions are established by data fitting,and the inherent relation between debris size and mass is analyzed.The test results are compared with NASA standard breakup model,and differences and reasons are discussed.