临近空间高超声速飞行器黑障问题研究综述

首先对国内外黑障问题研究历史进行了回顾，然后从等离子体鞘套形成机理和基本特征、电波传播机理及信道特征等方面阐述了高超声速飞行器黑障问题的成因。随后，着重介绍了等离子体流场和电波传播数值模拟方法并分析了方法的适用性。进一步对等离子体地面模拟方法和诊断技术进行了概述，并对国内外地面黑障实验结果进行了详细分析。在此基础上，针对临近空间高超声速飞行器的特点，采用层次分析法(AHP)对现有黑障消除技术进行了评估，给出了目前工程实用方法、近期可能实现的工程实用解以及未来具有应用潜力的消除技术。最后，对黑障问题后续研究方向提出了几点建议。

Review of Blackout Problems of Near Space Hypersonic Vehicles

A brief review on the studies of blackout problems is given, and the causes of blackout are elucidated from the aspects of plasma sheath generation, electromagnetic wave transmission mechanism and channel characteristics. Secondly, the numerical simulation methods of plasma flows and radio wave propagation in plasma are emphatically introduced, and the adaptability analysis of these methods is carried out. Furthermore, the plasma reproducing technologies as well as plasma diagnostic techniques are summarized, and the ground experimental results of blackout are analyzed in detail. On the basis of that, blackout mitigating approaches are evaluated based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method for near space hypersonic vehicles. The current practical approaches, near-term promising approaches and some potential solutions are proposed. Finally, some suggestions for further research direction of blackout problems are presented.