嫦娥五号轻量化高精度上升器结构设计

针对嫦娥五号上升器结构面临的轻量化设计要求严苛、有效载荷接口精度要求极高和有效载荷指向变化预示精度要求很高的难题,提出至顶向下的结构轻量化设计方法,使得上升器结构自重降低到整器重量的6.2%(47.758 kg);建立压紧和精度保持功能分离、双坐标系分级实现高精度的结构设计方法,实现相关有效载荷的结构安装接口精度达到400 mm×400 mm区域平面度小于或者等于0.05 mm;探索出综合了有效载荷自身和安装结构耦合效应的有效载荷在轨指向变化预示方法,实现准确、高效、快速地对有效载荷指向变化进行角秒级高精度评估。这些方法支持完成中国月面无人自动采样返回任务,并最终促进中国航天器结构技术的发展。

Design of Lightweight and High Precision Structure of Chang’e 5 Ascender

During the structure design of Chang’e 5 ascender, there are difficulties such as realizing structure lightweight, payload interface precision and direction precision forecasting with high level. The top down lightweight structure design method is proposed to cut down the weight of Chang’e 5 ascender structure to 6.2% of the total mass (47.758 kg). The structure design methods including separating the compaction and precision maintenance functions and realizing high precision by gradually using two coordinates are invented, which realizes a correlative payload interface accuracy of flatness less than or equal to 0.05 mm in a 400 mm×400 mm area. The payload pointing accuracy in orbit forecast technique based on the coupling effect between structure and payload is explored, which makes calculating payload direction changes at arc second level as exactly, efficiently and rapidly as possible. The mission of China’s robotic sampling and return from lunar surface has accomplished by support of these methods, thus promoting the spacecraft structure technology development.