一种共轴双旋翼式火星飞行器设计及其试验验证

针对火星飞行器探测需求,提出了一种共轴双旋翼式火星飞行器,基于计算流体力学方法优选了桨叶翼型、平面形状和扭转角等结构参数,基于叶素动量理论建立了旋翼气动力学模型,利用数值模拟方法选择了旋翼转速、旋翼间距和桨叶安装角等飞行参数,设计了原理样机"火星飞鸟-I"的结构与控制系统。构建了火星大气环境模拟器和重力补偿与运动约束装置,开展了模拟火星环境下旋翼式飞行器地面飞行试验,验证了共轴双旋翼式火星飞行器的推进性能,展望了旋翼式火星飞行器技术的发展方向。研究成果对我国开展的火星探测工程具有重要借鉴价值。

Design and Experimental Verification of a Coaxial Mars Rotorcraft

For a Mars aircraft exploration mission, a coaxial Mars rotorcraft is proposed. The structural parameters, such as the blade airfoil, planform, and twist angle, are optimized based on the computational fluid dynamics methods. The aerodynamic model of the rotor is established based on the blade element theory and momentum theory. The flight parameters such as rotor speed, rotor spacing, and blade installation angle are selected based on the numerical simulation methods, which prompt the design of the structure and control system of the prototype “MarsBird I”. A Martian atmosphere simulator and a combined device for gravity compensation and motion constraint are constructed to carry out the ground flight test of the Mars rotorcraft under a simulated Mars environment, which verifies the propulsion performance of the coaxial Mars rotorcraft. Besides, we prospect the research directions of the Mars rotorcraft technology. The research results provide an important reference for China’s Mars exploration project.