天基照相跟踪空间碎片批处理轨道确定研究

随着国内外天基观测空间碎片研究的展开，文章提出了利用跟踪卫星的CCD(Charge
Coupled Device)相机对空间碎片进行轨道探测的方法，首先建立了CCD照相观测模型和基于 照相观测 的空间碎片批处理轨道确定模型。通过对CCD相机底片归算方法的分析可知，利用
CCD相机所获得的观测数据与跟踪卫星的姿态无关，且其精度只与测量和坐标转换计算的精 度有关，在测量和计算中可获得较高的精度。分别对分布密度较高的低轨道和地球同步 轨道区域的空间碎片进行了定轨分析。仿真结果表明，定轨时采用两个跟踪弧段的照相数据 定轨精度大大高于一个弧段照相数据的定轨精度；跟踪卫星距离空间碎片越近，定轨精度越 高；低轨道空间碎片的定轨精度高于地球同步轨道上的空间碎片定轨精度。

Space-based Camera Tracking of Space Debris for Orbit Determination with Batch Process

With the research on space-based detecting space debris, this paper presented the space debris orbital detecting method with satellite-based CCD(Charge Coupled Device) camera. Firstly, CCD photogrammetric observation model and orbit determination of the space debris were set up. The theory of plane adjustment for the CCD camera was analyzed, which shows that the observation data derived from the CCD camera are independent from the attitude of the tracking satellite. The precision of observation data from the CCD camera are just dependent on observation and reference frame transformations, which can be gotten accurately. Then, the paper researched orbit determination of space debris on the LEO (Low Earth Orbit) and GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit), where the density of the space debris is very high. The results indicated that orbit determination precision with the camera data of two tracking arcs is higher than with one tracking arc; The less distance between the tracking satellite and the space debris, the more accurate for orbit determination; Orbit determination precision of the space debris in LEO is lower than that in GEO.