美国调整军事航天器的发展策略

美国对军事航天器的依赖性不断增强,也面临着航天器越来越长的研制周期和越来越高的研制成本,因此,改变军事航天器的发展策略成为当务之急。美国为提升战场实战能力正在进行发展思路的战略性调整,主要包括:拓展搭载军事有效载荷的途径;推进将大型卫星有效载荷拆分成小卫星的模式;开发分布式军事太空系统结构;对运载资源挖潜;优化商业模式实现业务拓展。对已有卫星的后续系统,进行规模改造与能力提升途径的调整,主要包括:对于军事通信卫星,扩大宽带或"超高频"(SHF)系统,突出窄带或"特高频"(UHF)系统及"先进极高频"(AEHF)系统;分步升级GPS的地面部分,将GPS-3提升为国家关键基础设施;确保导弹预警卫星系统重点。在开发新系统时,美国注重提高效能和降低成本,发展有效的支持能力和低成本小卫星系统,提高低成本机动发射和快速进入太空的能力,并以轨道资源利用为目的开拓新途径。

Adjustment of Development Strategy of American Military Spacecraft

The United States of America depends heavily upon the military spacecraft, and is con- fronted with a longer development period and higher cost. It is a more pressing problem for the USA to change the development strategy of the military spacecraft. The USA adjusts its develop- ment strategy ideas, including expanding the ways to carry the military payloads,developing the mode of decomposing large satellite payload into small satellites, developing distributed architec- ture of military space systems, exploiting the potential launching resources, and realizing the business development by optimizing the commercial modes. The USA adjusts the approaches in changing the scale and improving the capabilities of the follow-up systems of existing satellites, including enlarging the wideband and SHF systems, emphasizing the narrowband, UHF and AEHF systems, stepping up GPS ground segments,advancing GPS-3 as national key infrastruc- ture, and insuring the emphases of missile early-warning satellites systems. When developing the new spacecraft systems, America focuses on increasing efficiency and reducing cost,developing the effective support ability and low-cost small satellite systems, improving the capability of low-cost and mobile launch and rapid access, and developing new approaches for orbit resources utilization.