钝头型航天器再入通信黑障及对策研究

首先介绍了无线电波在等离子体环境中传播的基础理论,在此基础上分析和讨论了钝头型航天器再入时形成的等离子鞘套及相关通信黑障现象。从13个方面(包括近期和远期实现的可能性等)对多种减轻或消除黑障的设想和方法:包括高频、激光、高等效全向辐射功率(Effective Isotropic Radiated Power,EIRP)和品质因素(G/T值)、选择空气动力外形、亲电子材料、磁或电磁控制、中继等进行了全面的比较和评估。考虑到我国的空间基础设施和技术背景条件,利用中继法应是在近期可实现的工程技术解;而亲电子材料、磁或电磁控制法对解决各种等离子鞘套问题具有广阔的远期发展前景。文章的研究结果对我国今后的再入类航天器工程顶层构想具有参考意义。

On the Communication Blackout During Reentry of Blunt-nosed Spacecraft and Its Eliminating Approaches

On the basis of introducing the basic theory of RF wave propagation in plasma environ- ment, plasma sheath and relevant communication blackout phenomenon during reentry of blunt- nosed spacecraft are presented and analyzed. Various mitigation or elimination considerations and approaches including high frequencies, laser, high EIRP and G/T, aerodynamic shaping, electro- philic materials, magnetic or electromagnetic control, relay and so on are comprehensively com- pared and evaluated from 13 important viewpoints including realization possibility in the near and long terms. With considering China space infrastructure and technologic background, the relay approach would be the realizable near-term solution for reentry of blunt-nosed spacecraft. From long-term point of view the electrophilic materials and magnetic or electromagnetic control would have prospects for solving all kind of plasma sheath problems. The results are useful for the top level conception of future reentry-spacecraft program in China.