基于模型的系统工程方法在载人航天任务中的应用探讨

针对基于文档的航天任务设计中设计数据分散、一致性差、跟踪难度大等问题,引入了基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)方法。首先,介绍了MBSE方法理念,即通过构建图形化的模型来支持系统的需求捕获、设计、分析、验证和确认等全生命周期活动。然后,给出了MBSE方法的一般工作流程,即先构建系统的需求模型,用于指导功能模型、物理架构模型等的构建,按照事先制定好的逻辑规则建立模型间的关系,依靠模型间的关系实现设计过程中的关联性分析、参数查询等工作。最后,应用MBSE方法于载人飞船交会对接任务中。结果表明,此方法改善了人员沟通,提高了设计效率,降低了设计风险,可为MBSE方法在航天任务设计中的进一步应用提供参考。

Discussion on Application of Model-based Systems Engineering Method to Human Spaceflight Mission

Considering the fact that design data exist in different documents dispersedly and are difficult to keep consistent and hard to trace,the concept of MBSE （model-based systems engineering） method is introduced.Firstly MBSE method can graphically support system requirements,design,analysis,verification and validation activities in whole life cycle.Then a general process of MBSE method is summarized,creating a requirement model to guide the construction of functional model and physical architecture model etc.Based on a set of predefined rule the relations among models are set up,by which relevance among design elements and information can be analyzed and searched out.In the end,an example is presented to show how to apply MBSE method to design manned spacecraft docking missions.It is concluded that MBSE method can improve the communication,increase work efficiency,and reduce design risk.The work is a good reference for further application.