国外航天软件故障原因分析

介绍了包括阿里安-5火箭、＂火星气候轨道器＂、＂火星极地着陆器＂在内的几个国外航天器和运载器发生的在轨故障,并从技术和管理方面分析了这些故障中与软件相关的原因。针对技术方面,分析了国外航天软件研制过程中在软件需求分析、软件复杂度、软件重用、软件安全性设计准则、质量保证及评审、系统安全性设计、测试及仿真环境缺陷等方面存在的问题;针对管理方面,分析了责任和权力划分、沟通渠道等方面存在的问题。文章最后给出了美国国家航空航天局专家针对这些问题提出的改进建议,提出了针对我国航天软件研制过程的启示和建议,如加强团队之间的沟通,提高评审效率。

Analysis on Fault Causes of Space Software Aboard

The accidents of several spacecraft and rockets including Ariane-5,Mars Climate Orbiter（MCO）and Mars Polar Lander（MPL） are introduced,and the software-related causes of these accidents in technical and management aspects are analyzed.In technical aspect the problems are described in software requirement analysis,software complexity,software reuse,software safety design,quality assurance and review,system safety design,testing and insufficiency of simulation environment;in management aspect the problems in assign of rights and responsibilities,communications channels are described.Some suggestions of NASA experts in resolving these problems are listed,and some suggestions on Chinese space software development are pointed out,such as enhancing the communication among teams and improving the efficiency of review.