铝合金双光束激光填丝焊接熔丝特征分析

以5A06铝合金作为试验材料,采用单/双光束激光焊接方法进行了自熔焊接与填丝焊接试验。通过对焊接过程中熔池流动、匙孔形态及焊丝熔化与过渡过程的观察,研究了不同光束模式下焊丝熔化特性及影响因素。单光束激光焊接时,由于能量密度较高,熔池及匙孔波动剧烈;双光束模式中降低了输入的能量密度,在光斑距离1.5 mm时形成两个独立匙孔的开口面积仅为单激光时的34%,匙孔无闭合现象,熔化焊丝以双液桥形式过渡。光丝分离距离1 mm范围内,焊丝熔化过程稳定;光丝重合范围达到1 mm时焊接过程稳定性下降;光丝部分重叠的条件下,熔化过渡过程最为稳定。

Analysis of Melting Characteristics of Welding Wires for Aluminum Alloy Double-Beam Laser Filler Wire Welding

With 5A06 aluminum alloy as the test material, the single/double-beam laser welding method is adopted to perform self-fusion welding and filler wire welding. By observing the molten pool flow, the keyhole morphology, and the melting and transition of the welding wire during the welding process, the melting characteristics and influence factors of the welding wire under different beam modes are studied. When single-beam laser welding is applied, due to the high energy density, the molten pool and keyhole fluctuate violently. In the double-beam mode, the input energy density is reduced. When the spot spacing is 1.5 mm, two independent keyholes form, each of which has an opening area of only 34% of that of the single-beam laser. There is no keyhole closure phenomenon, and the molten welding wire transitions in the form of a dual liquid bridge. When the spacing of light and welding wire is within 1 mm, the melting process of the welding wire is stable. When the overlap range of the light and welding wire reaches 1 mm, the stability of the welding process is reduced. When the light and welding wire is overlapped partially, the melting transition process is the most stable.