梯度功能材料的研究进展及展望

梯度功能材料是一种新型的功能复合材料，它的两侧由不同性能的材料组成，中间部分的组成和结构连续地呈梯度变化，从而使材料的性质和功能也沿厚度方向呈梯度变化，克服了不同材料结合的性能不匹配因素，使两种材料的优势都得到充分发挥。文中介绍了梯度功能材料的概念及开发背景，着重评述了梯度功能材料在制备方法、性能评价和应用等方面研究的新进展及功能梯度材料在国内外的研究成果，并展望了其未来的发展前景。

Progress and prospects of functional gradient materials

Functional gradient material (FGM) is a new kind of nonhomogeneous composite. According to the design concept of FGM, its composition and structure vary gradually and continuously from one material to another, therefore its property and function vary gradually along the line of thickness. In this way, the unmatched factors of different materials can be overcome and advantages of both materials can be brought into full play. The concept and the development background of functional gradient materials are introduced. The research progress in preparation methods, property evaluation and applications of FGM are discussed and the prospects of FGM are presented.