翼伞技术研究的最新发展

当今美国对翼伞的研究非常活跃,涉及的面非常广,内容也很丰富,其中包括研制特种新型翼伞、空投重物的大面积翼伞、用GPS(全球定位系统)为导航仪的定点着陆控制技术、翼伞操纵训练的计算机仿真、翼伞的竞技运动及其他应用技术等。文中将重点介绍三项可借鉴的最新成果。首先,介绍一种新概念的全封闭前缘后掠翼伞,内容涉及到该种翼伞的展弦比、结构参数、材料、开伞、充气动态性能、有效载荷、机动性等。其次,介绍模拟机的研制,该机成为跳伞运动员专业教学训练的新工具,还可为先进的精确机载回收系统提供仿真,从而有机会全面了解风、有效载荷对控制的影响。最后,介绍在美国高滑翔回收系统中,具有新里程碑意义的GS—750—1翼伞,由于不断的改善性能,提高精度,从而能自动降落到离中心目标100m之内的地方。

THE LATEST DEVELOPMENT OF PARAFOIL TECHNIQUES

Over the last few years, the techniques of parafoil have heen improved rapidly in many fields in America, such as the point landing guided by GPS, the computer simulation for training, parachute jumping and so on. Many new kinds of parafoils has been developed, for examples special parafoils and large parafoils for airdropping. This article introduces three of the latest achievements. The first one is a new parafoil with the totally-enclosed swept-back leading edge. Its key parmeters including the ascept ratio, structure parameters, materials, opening properties, filling dynamic properties, payloads and maneuvering capabilities and so on are described. The second one is a simulator, it not only can be used for training jumpers, but also can provide precision simulation for the airborne recovery system. The simulator can help us to understand the effects of the wind and the payload upon the control. The last is the GS-750-1 parafoil, it can automatically drop in the range of 100 m far away from the center of the predetermined dropping zone.