返回器稀薄区气动特性工程计算方法的应用研究

中国航天返回器再入过程采用非弹道式再入轨道，其高空稀薄区滞留时间显著增长，稀薄效应对再入飞行的影响显著增强，因此快速而准确地预测返回器稀薄区气动特性变得非常重要。文章分析归纳了多种稀薄区气动特性工程计算方法即桥函数方法的发展和应用，并以 Stardust 返回舱为对象，对比分析了三种不同桥函数的预测精度，给出了在航天返回器气动预测中更为合适的工程方法。结果显示：不同桥函数预测结果差别很大；在不同攻角下，与数值模拟的对比分析表明，局部桥函数方法气动特性预测结果基本优于其它桥函数，尤其是在力矩系数预测上。因此稀薄区气动特性的预测采用局部桥函数较为合适。

Utilization of Engineering Calculation Method for Transitional Regime Aerodynamics

During the chinese spacecraft non-ballistic reentry process, the rarefied regime residence time increases significantly, and the effects of rarefied gas effect on reentry significantly are enhanced, so fast and accurate prediction of low-density aerodynamic characteristics becomes important. The present paper labors development and utilization of many engineering calculation methods, eg. the bridging function methods, for aerodynamic characteristics in transition regime, compares computing precisions of three different bridging methods using the Stardust return capsule data, and gives the most appropriated engineering method for return capsule in low density regime. The results show that the aerodynamic characteristics obtained by different bridging function methods have remarkable discrepancy, and comparing with the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo data, the local bridging function is the best engineering method for forecasting transitional regime aero-dynamics, especially for moment coefficients.