国外空间推进技术现状和发展趋势

空间推进技术通常可分为常规化学推进、电推进、微推进和新型推进4大类。常规化学推进是目前航天器的主要推进方式,性能继续提升。电推进已成功证明其优势和可靠性,在各种卫星和深空探测器上大量应用,且朝更宽泛功率的方向发展。蓬勃发展的微小卫星对微小推力、小质量、低功耗的微推进提出了迫切需求。无毒化学推进、太阳帆推进、核推进等新型推进技术正在加紧研制或进行空间飞行试验。首先综述国外卫星和深空探测器等航天器的各类空间推进技术应用和研究现状,然后分析其发展趋势,最后提出对我国空间推进技术的发展建议。

Current status and development trend of space propulsion technologies abroad

Space propulsion technologies usually can be divided into four types： conventional chemical propulsion, electric propulsion, micro propulsion and novel propulsion. The conventional chemical propulsion is the mostly-used propulsion technology, whose performance is being improved continuously. The electric propulsion is widely used in various satellite and deep space probes, whose advantages and reliability have been proved, and whose power range is being expanded. Vigorous de- velopment of micro satellites calls for active demands of micro propulsion featured by micro thrust, low weight and low power. The novel propulsion technologies, such as green chemical propulsion, so- lar propulsion, nuclear propulsion, are fast-developed or flight-testing in space. The application and research status of space propulsion technology used in foreign satellites and deep space probes are re- viewed, and the development trends are analyzed. Several suggestions are given on the development of domestic space propulsion technologies.