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Atmospheric Escape and Evolution of Terrestrial Planets and Satellites |
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| Authors: | Helmut Lammer James F Kasting Eric Chassefière Robert E Johnson Yuri N Kulikov Feng Tian |
| Institution: | 1. Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstra?e 6, 8042, Graz, Austria 2. Department of Geosciences, Penn State University, 443 Deike Building, University Park, 16802, USA 3. SA/IPSL Université P. & M. Curie, Boite 102, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France 4. Engineering Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22904, USA 5. Polar Geophysical Institute (PGI), Russian Academy of Sciences, Khalturina Str. 15, 183010, Murmansk, Russia 6. National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), High Altitude Observatory (HAO), Boulder, CO, USA |
| Abstract: | The origin and evolution of Venus’, Earth’s, Mars’ and Titan’s atmospheres are discussed from the time when the active young Sun arrived at the Zero-Age-Main-Sequence. We show that the high EUV flux of the young Sun, depending on the thermospheric composition, the amount of IR-coolers and the mass and size of the planet, could have been responsible that hydrostatic equilibrium was not always maintained and hydrodynamic flow and expansion of the upper atmosphere resulting in adiabatic cooling of the exobase temperature could develop. Furthermore, thermal and various nonthermal atmospheric escape processes influenced the evolution and isotope fractionation of the atmospheres and water inventories of the terrestrial planets and Saturn’s large satellite Titan efficiently. |
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