载人航天器舷窗玻璃的强度特性

通过对玻璃强度理论的综述，分析了舷窗玻璃的强度特性。指出舷窗玻璃强度设计必须以玻璃的断裂机理为依据，而不能仅按传统上的杭张强度或抗折强度等指标作为选材标准。舷窗玻璃的强度受表面微裂纹影响很大，要保证舷窗玻璃强度达到设计和使用要求，必须对玻璃表面的裂纹进行严格的控制和检测。考虑到玻璃的亚临界裂纹生长，舷窗玻璃使用前应避免在大气环境中长时间受力。在舷窗结构设计时还应避免使处于张应力的表面与水分接触。

STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF WINDOW GLASS OF MANNED SPACECRAFT

The strength behaviours of the window glass of spacecraft were discussed based on the strength theories in this paper. It is pointed out that the strength design for the window glass must be based on the fracture mechanics, not just the data of the tensile strength or bending strength measured on small samples Because the cracks existing on glass surface will greatly influence the strength of the window glass, they must be controlled and inspected carefully, so as to ensure the strength of window glass to meet the requirements of application. Considering the subcritical growth of the cracks in glass, the window glass should not be loaded in atmosphere before its servies. In the structural design of the windows, it should be noted that the surfaces in high tensile stress should not contact with moisture.