基于在轨组装维护的模块化深空探测器技术进展与应用研究

在轨组装与维护是航天器在轨服务技术的基本内容,而模块化设计则是实现航天器在轨组装与维护的一项主要支撑技术。调研总结了国外深空探测领域模块化航天器设计以及在轨组装与在轨维护实施的技术进展,主要包括模块化地外行星着陆探测器、大型在轨组装深空探测器、布置于SEL2(Sun-Earth Libration 2)等轨道的超大型在轨组装空间望远镜系统等,分析了深空探测器领域应用模块化设计实现在轨组装与维护的关键技术要素。针对深空探测航天器长寿命、高可靠、特殊推进系统及其设备配套等技术特点与需求,提出一种应用在轨组装与维护技术的火星多任务探测器系统设想,介绍了探测器系统的任务架构、基本组成、轨道策略等,为我国深空探测技术发展以及新型深空探测器研制提供参考。

Development and Application of Modular Deep-Space Probe Based on On-Orbit Assembly and Maintenance

Deep space exploration tasks are developing rapidly both at home and abroad. In recent years,a number of new deep space probe projects have been proposed,which are adopted modular design and on-orbit assembly and maintenance. On-orbit assembly and maintenance are the basic contents of spacecraft on-orbit service technology. Foreign countries have achieved fruitful results after decades of development in this field,and modular design is a major supporting technology for on-orbit assembly and maintenance of spacecraft. In this paper,the modular design and on-orbit assembly and maintenance programs in the deep space exploration are summarized,mainly including modular exoplanets landing probes,large on-orbit assembly deep space probe,the very large on-orbit assembly space telescope system in the SEL2 orbit,and so on. The key elements of the deep space probe modular design for the on-orbit assembly and maintenance are analyzed. At the same time,aiming at the technical requirements of long life,high reliability,special propulsion system and its supporting equipment of deep space exploration spacecraft,a multimission Mars probe system is proposed,which applies the on-orbit assembly and maintenance technology. The mission framework, the basic composition and the orbit strategy of the probe system are introduced. The above investigations and analyses will provide the reference for the development of the deep space detection technologies and the development of new deep space probes in China.