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Cosima – High Resolution Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer for the Analysis of Cometary Dust Particles onboard Rosetta |
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| Authors: | J. Kissel K. Altwegg B. C. Clark L. Colangeli H. Cottin S. Czempiel J. Eibl C. Engrand H. M. Fehringer B. Feuerbacher M. Fomenkova A. Glasmachers J. M. Greenberg E. Grün G. Haerendel H. Henkel M. Hilchenbach H. von Hoerner H. Höfner K. Hornung E. K. Jessberger A. Koch H. Krüger Y. Langevin P. Parigger F. Raulin F. Rüdenauer J. Rynö E. R. Schmid R. Schulz J. Silén W. Steiger T. Stephan L. Thirkell R. Thomas K. Torkar N. G. Utterback K. Varmuza K. P. Wanczek W. Werther H. Zscheeg |
| Affiliation: | 1. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Str.2, 37191, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany 2. Physikalisches Institut, Universit?t Bern, Sidlerstr. 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland 3. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Post Office Box 179, MS-B0560, Denver, CO, 80201, USA 4. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 15, 80131, Napoli, Italy 5. LISA, Universites Paris 12 & Paris 7, Faculté des Sciences et Technologie, 61, Avenue du General de Gaulle, F-94010, Creteil Cedex, France 6. Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, 85740, Garching, Germany 7. Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse – CSNSM, Bat. 104, 91 405, Orsay, France 8. ESA – ESTEC, Postbus 299, 2200, AG, Noordwijk, The Netherlands 9. Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) in der Helmholtzgemeinschaft, Institut für Raumsimulation, Linder H?he, D-51147, K?ln, Germany 10. Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0424, USA 11. Universit?t Wuppertal, FB-E, Lehrstuhl für Messtechnik, Rainer-Gruenter-Str. 21, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany 12. Raymond and Beverly Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, P.O. Box 9513, NL-2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands 13. Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany 14. von Hoerner und Sulger GmbH, Schlossplatz 8, 68723, Schwetzingen, Germany 15. Universit?t der Bundeswehr LRT-7, Werner Heisenberg Weg 39, 85577, Neubiberg, Germany 16. Institut für Planetologie, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149, Münster, Germany 17. Institut d’Astrophysique, Batiment 121, Faculté des Sciences d’Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France 18. Institut f. Physik, Forschungszentrum Seibersdorf, 2444, Seibersdorf, Austria 19. Finnish Meteorological Institute, Department of Geophysics, rik Palménin aukio 1, FI-00560, Helsinki, Finland 20. Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vienna, W?hringerstrasse 38, A-1090, Vienna, Austria 21. ARC Seibersdorf Research GmbH Business Field Aerospace Technology, 2444, Seibersdorf, Austria 22. Laboratoire de Phys.& Chim. de L’Environnement, 3 Av. de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071, Orléans, France 23. Institut für Weltraumforschung, ?sterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Schmiedlstrasse 6, 8042, Graz, Austria 24. Consultant, 93105, Sta. Barbara, CA, USA 25. Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Getreidemarkt 9/166, A-1060, Vienna, Austria 26. Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Universit?t Bremen, Haferwende 12, 28357, Bremen, Germany 27. Abbott Laboratories Vascular Devices Ltd., Ampthauptstrasse, 8222, Beringen, Switzerland |
| Abstract: | The ESA mission Rosetta, launched on March 2nd, 2004, carries an instrument suite to the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The COmetary Secondary Ion Mass Anaylzer – COSIMA – is one of three cometary dust analyzing instruments onboard Rosetta. COSIMA is based on the analytic measurement method of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The experiment’s goal is in-situ analysis of the elemental composition (and isotopic composition of key elements) of cometary grains. The chemical characterization will include the main organic components, present homologous and functional groups, as well as the mineralogical and petrographical classification of the inorganic phases. All this analysis is closely related to the chemistry and history of the early solar system. COSIMA covers a mass range from 1 to 3500 amu with a mass resolution m/Δm @ 50% of 2000 at mass 100 amu. Cometary dust is collected on special, metal covered, targets, which are handled by a target manipulation unit. Once exposed to the cometary dust environment, the collected dust grains are located on the target by a microscopic camera. A pulsed primary indium ion beam (among other entities) releases secondary ions from the dust grains. These ions, either positive or negative, are selected and accelerated by electrical fields and travel a well-defined distance through a drift tube and an ion reflector. A microsphere plate with dedicated amplifier is used to detect the ions. The arrival times of the ions are digitized, and the mass spectra of the secondary ions are calculated from these time-of-flight spectra. Through the instrument commissioning, COSIMA took the very first SIMS spectra of the targets in space. COSIMA will be the first instrument applying the SIMS technique in-situ to cometary grain analysis as Rosetta approaches the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, after a long journey of 10 years, in 2014. |
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