New magnetodynamic principles in cosmic physics

The effect of gravity on super-escape particles spiralling along magnetic field lines need not be negligible when the field lines are long enough and the field-strength variation small. If the magnetic field strength decreases with altitude but only very slowly, some unexpected phenomena may occur owing to gravity: some super-high-velocity particles can possess an upper level of reflection which impedes their escape into higher regions. Some of these “super-escape particles may, however, propagate through the level at which their pitch angle is 90° and continue spiralling in the same direction (“hole” boundary). In addition, the pitch angle of some super-escape particles may only achieve a maximum which can be very small (hole effect). Many plasma phenomena can be derived from these charecteristic features of particle trajectories.