辐射加热方法在结构热试验中的作用与地位

高超声速飞行器经受着严酷的气动加热环境,为验证飞行器整体设计、考核热结构耐热性能,需要开展大量的结构热试验研究,如辐射加热、气流加热方法等。其中辐射加热方法具有加热时间长、加热能力强、多温区控制等特点,是有效的结构全尺寸热试验方法;气流加热方法受试验空间、加热时间等限制,在特定问题上发挥着重要作用。给出了高超声速飞行器防热区和高温区的热结构设计理念,总结了国外结构热试验方法的发展和应用,指出用辐射加热模拟气动热环境仍将是新型飞行器热结构优化设计和性能考核的重要手段。

Status and significance of radiation heating method in thermal-structural testing

Hypersonic vehicle undergoes the extreme aerothermal environment.In order to verify integral design of aerospace vehicles and to validate anti-thermal performances of hot structures,many thermal-structural testing projects need to be carried out,such as radiation heating,airflow heating,etc.Advantages of the radiation heating method are the long heating time,high heating ability and multi-region temperature control.It is an effective thermal testing method of full scale aerospace structures.On the contrary,the airflow heating method is restricted by testing space or heating time and it only plays important roles in some special aspects,such as aerodynamics scaled models,surface protrusions.Opinions of thermal protecting region and hot structure region about hypersonic vehicle design are proposed in this paper.And recent development and application of thermal-structural testing are summarized.It is certain that radiation heating of aerothermal simulation is still the main method in optimum design and performance verification of aerospace hot structures.