混合机种飞行员人体测量结果及其工效学意义

为探讨混合机种飞行员的人体参数随年代、地区及机种变化的趋势及程度,测量了656名混合机种飞行员的5~13项人体参数,并将所测数据与70年代数据进行了对比,不同地区之间、不同机种之间的数据也进行了对照分析.结果表明:13项参数中有12项参数值与70年代有非常显著性差异(p<0.01);全国不同地区间身高无显著性差异(p>0.05),不同地区间体重多数无显著性差异(p>0.05);歼强击机飞行员与非歼强击机飞行员的体重有显著性差异(p<0.05).由此可知,飞行员的体形已发生显著性变化,飞行设备及个人防护救生装备的设计不应再完全依据70年代的人体数据;应开展新的飞行员人体参数数据库和人体模型的建立工作;飞行员应坚持科学的锻炼并控制饮食以保持体形;不同地区招收飞行员时,应对其身高等形体条件进行统一要求.

Changing Tendency of Dimensions of Mixed Type Plane Pilots and Its Human Engineering Significance

In order to study the changing extent and tendency of the pilot dimensions of different times/districts/plane-types,5~13 dimension values were obtained by measuring 656 pilots, and those of the 70s' were as controls, difference between the data of different districts/plane-types was analyzed. It was shown that 12 of the 13 dimension values were significantly different from those of the 70s' (p<0.01); there was no significant difference in stature between each 2 districts of all 6 districts and in body weight in most cases (p>0.05), the body weight of fighter pilots is different from that of other pilots. There have been significant changes in the fighter pilot dimensions, and 70s' data should not be used as bases of the design of aircraft and personal protective and survival equipment. Pilots should do regular exercises and the food should be controlled in order that pilots could maintain their dimensions. New pilot dimension database and anthropometric model should be set up. It is necessary to control some dimensions of volunteers when recruiting pilots in different districts.