大型客机驾驶舱气流热仿真及舒适性评价

驾驶舱的空气速度场和温度场直接影响驾驶员的热舒适和工效,是驾驶舱结构和环境控制系统设计中考虑的重要内容.对B737-800驾驶舱进行全尺寸三维建模,以高空夜航工作情况为例,采用商用CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)软件Fluent计算该驾驶舱的流场和温度场,再用平均温度评价指标和热环境综合评价指标PMV(Predicted Mean Vote)来对驾驶舱进行温度环境客观评价,并采用问卷调查法对飞行员进行驾驶舱内部空气流速和温度舒适度的主观评价.数值仿真结果与主观评价结果都得出B737-800驾驶舱在高空夜航时基本处于舒适的环境,除躯干和脚部由于偏凉而略感不舒适.数值仿真结果与客观评价结果的一致性,验证了大型客机驾驶舱气流热仿真的准确性.

Airflow thermal simulation and comfort evaluation of commercial airliner

Air velocity field and temperature field of cockpit will affect the pilots- thermal comfort and performance directly, which are important parts need to be considered in the design of cockpit structure and environmental control system. After full-size three-dimensional model of B737-800 cockpit being established, a commercial computational fluid dynamics(CFD) software Fluent was used to calculate the flow field and temperature field of cockpit in high-altitude night work. Then the average temperature evaluation and the predicted mean vote(PMV)on the thermal sensation scale were used to evaluate cockpit temperature environment. A questionnaire was given to the pilot to obtain cockpit air flow and temperature comfort subjective evaluation. The results of simulation and subjective evaluation both indicate the B737-800 cockpit is a comfortable environment at night at high altitude. Besides, the trunk and legs feel a little uncomfortable as a result of slight coolness. The agreement of simulation results and evaluation results validates the accuracy of the cockpit airflow thermal simulation.