Flux emergence,flux imbalance,magnetic free energy and solar flares |
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Authors: | Debi Prasad Choudhary Sanjay Gosain Nat Gopalswamy PK Manoharan R Chandra W Uddin AK Srivastava S Yashiro NC Joshi P Kayshap VC Dwivedi K Mahalakshmi E Elamathi Max Norris AK Awasthi R Jain |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Physics & Astronomy, California State University, Northridge, CA 91330-8268, USA;2. National Solar Observatory, Tucson, USA;3. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771-0001, USA;4. Physical Research Laboratory, Department of Space, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380 009, India;5. Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Manora Peak, Nainital 263 129, India;6. Department of Physics, DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, India;g Radio Astronomy Centre, NCRA, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Udhagamandalam (Ooty) 643 001, India |
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Abstract: | Emergence of complex magnetic flux in the solar active regions lead to several observational effects such as a change in sunspot area and flux embalance in photospheric magnetograms. The flux emergence also results in twisted magnetic field lines that add to free energy content. The magnetic field configuration of these active regions relax to near potential-field configuration after energy release through solar flares and coronal mass ejections. In this paper, we study the relation of flare productivity of active regions with their evolution of magnetic flux emergence, flux imbalance and free energy content. We use the sunspot area and number for flux emergence study as they contain most of the concentrated magnetic flux in the active region. The magnetic flux imbalance and the free energy are estimated using the HMI/SDO magnetograms and Virial theorem method. We find that the active regions that undergo large changes in sunspot area are most flare productive. The active regions become flary when the free energy content exceeds 50% of the total energy. Although, the flary active regions show magnetic flux imbalance, it is hard to predict flare activity based on this parameter alone. |
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Keywords: | Flux emergence Flux imbalance Magnetic free energy Sunspot area Solar flare |
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