基于J2项摄动的MMS任务编队优化设计

Magnetospheric MultiScale（MMS）任务利用椭圆轨道远地点附近的正四面体航天器编队，协同完成对地球磁层结构和动力学特性的测量和分析。采用基于轨道根数的相对运动模型，分析了主航天器轨道根数对J2项影响下四面体平均性能指标——质量因子均值和平均边长均值的影响规律，并由此提出一种编队轨道优化设计方案，将其应用于第1阶段MMS任务的四面体构形设计中。该方案的设计变量包括主航天器的6个轨道根数和3个从航天器的15个相对轨道根数（除相对半长轴外），目标函数既考虑到四面体编队的平均性能，又兼顾了3个从航天器相对运动的受摄影响。仿真算例显示，在不施加主动控制的条件下，利用该方案设计远地点附近平均性能保持最优的四面体编队是可行的。

J2 Optimization Design of Tetrahedron Formation Spacecrafts in Magnetospheric MuitiScale Mission

Magnetospheric MultiScale mission design needs spacecrafts flying in a regular tetrahedron configuration about the apogee of an elliptical orbit.At least four spacecrafts can separate space and time,and measure the structural and dynamical parameters of the Earth's magnetosphere.Basing on the orbital element model of relative motion,an analysis is performed to study the influence of chief orbital elements on the tetrahedron's quality factor and average side length due to J2 perturbation.On the basis of it,a tetrahedron formation optimization design is proposed and applied in phase I design of MMS.Both six orbit elements of the chief spacecraft and fifteen relative orbit elements(except relative semi-major axis) of the other three deputy spacecrafts are included in its design variables;both the mean performance and the perturbed relative motions are considered in its objective function.The results show that when no control is exerted,this optimization design is feasible to layout a MMS tetrahedron formation with better performance within 30 degrees about apogee.