铸造镁稀土合金研究现状及其在航空发动机领域应用展望

镁稀土合金密度低、比强度与比刚度高、耐热性能好、阻尼减振性优良,将其应用到航空发动机部件能实现装备减重、系统降噪,大幅提升飞行器的载重量和机动性能。首先对铸造镁稀土合金分类进行了介绍,阐述了不同镁稀土合金的强韧化机制;系统总结了镁稀土合金的各类铸造成型工艺并分析了其对合金组织性能的影响;然后归纳了现有航空发动机适航标准及通用标准规范中对镁合金的使用要求,概述了铸造镁稀土合金在国内外多种型号航空发动机及其他航空航天部件上的应用现状;最后面向实际工程应用需求,对航空发动机用镁稀土合金存在的问题及发展趋势进行了总结与展望。

Research Status of Cast Mg-RE Alloy and Its Application Prospect in Aero-Engine

Magnesium rare-earth(Mg–RE)alloys exhibit the advantages of low densities,high specific strength and specific stiffness,desirable heat resistance,and good damping properties.The application of Mg–RE alloys in the aero-engine components can effectively reduce the equipment weight and system noise,improve the load capacity and maneuverability of aircraft.In this article,the classification of cast Mg–RE alloys is first introduced with different strengthening mechanisms.Various casting processes are reviewed and their effects on the microstructure and properties of Mg–RE alloys are also analyzed.Then the requirements for the use of Mg alloys in the existing aero-engine airworthiness standards and general standards are summarized,following by the application status of casting Mg–RE alloys in aeroengine and some other aerospace components at home and abroad.Finally,the problems and development trends of Mg–RE alloys used in aero-engine are discussed according to the actual engineering application requirements.