民机初始备件方案的优化

针对航空公司降低初始备件费用、提高机群出勤率的运营需求,提出了基于最大化边际效应的初始备件方案优化方法.介绍了以单类产品为对象、以保障概率为约束的泊松分布备件计算模型,并使用该模型计算了一个初始备件方案案例.给出了以初始备件项目清单为对象、以备件费用为约束的使用可用度最大的优化模型和实施步骤.利用备件优化软件对初始备件方案案例进行了备件费用相同和使用可用度相同两种情况下的优化,给出了费用-效能曲线图和优化方案数据表,通过曲线图上数据的比较可以看出使用可用度和备件费用分别得到了提高和降低,通过对数据表的分析可以看出各类备件数量变化的趋势符合备件优化模型原理.结果表明优化方法对解决航空公司的初始备件方案优化问题具有良好的适用性.

Optimal of initial spares scenario in civil aviation

To meet the requirements that airline depresses initial spares cost and increases the airplane-s utilization, maximum marginal utility based optimal methods for initial spares scenario was presented. By the algorithm of Poisson distribution, items spare scenarios could be given only when the support probabilities were known. The defect of this method was that the spares scenarios may be not optimal. In order to solve this problem, the optimal model and implementing process of marginal analysis were presented, and then the spares- numbers of all parts in the item list were calculated at the same time. The initial spares scenario case was optimized by spare optimal software in the condition that either spares cost was invariable or operational availability was invariable. Cost-efficiency curves were drawn and datasheets of two optimal scenarios were got. The increase of operational availability and decrease of spares cost were discovered by comparison of data in the cost-efficiency curve. And so, the trend of spare number change was also seen by analysis of datasheets. The result shows that the optimal algorithm has wide application in initial spares scenario optimization of civil aviation.