相变材料深空控温技术研究

随着航天电子产品向小型化、集成化方向发展，产品热流密度迅速增长，其抗热冲击散热问题成为制约产品设计的瓶颈问题之一。使用相变控温技术可以很好地解决该问题，且相变控温属于被动控温，可靠性很高，符合航天产品要求。以某VPX标准机箱扩热板结构为研究对象，提出相变材料与载荷产品结构复合一体化的相变控温装置设计方法。通过设计试验进行相变控温装置的控温性能测试，通过有限元仿真建模进行相变控温装置储热能力仿真，得到了6种不同相变材料充灌量、不同导热增强体的相变控温装置热性能。试验结果表明，扩热板厚度——即相变材料的用量对相变装置的储热能力影响最大，在相变材料体积相同的情况下，泡沫碳复合相变板的储热能力最强，其次是泡沫铜，膨胀石墨的性能最差；仿真结果与试验结论一致，证明了该套相变过程的仿真参数的合理性和有效性，可为后续相变过程热仿真提供经验数据参考。

Research on temperature control technology of phase change materials in deep space

With the development of aerospace electronic products towards miniaturization and integration, the heat flux of products is increasing rapidly. The problem of thermal shock resistance and heat dissipation has become one of the bottleneck problems restricting product design. Phase change temperature control technology can solve the problem well, and phase change temperature control is passive temperature control, high reliablity, meet the requirements of aerospace products. In this paper, a VPX standard chassis heat expansion plate structure is taken as the research object, and the composite structure of phase change material and load product is proposed. The temperature control performance of the phase change temperature control device was tested through design experimets, and the heat storage capacity of the phase change temperature control device was simulated though finite element simulation modeling.The thermal performance of the phase change temperature control device with six different filling amounts of phase change materials and different thermal conductivity enhancers was obtained. The test results show that the thickness of the heat expansion plate, that is, the amount of phase change material, has the greatest influence on the heat storage capacity of the phase change device, followed by the same amount of phase change material, carbon foam composite phase change plate has the strongest heat storage capacity, followed by copper foam, expanded graphite has the worst performance. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental results, which proves the rationality and validity of the simulation parameters of the phase change process. It can provide empirical data reference for subsequent thermal simulation of phase change process.