编队飞行航天器测量通信一体化系统的交互链路技术

实现航天编队飞行需要有测量系统测定队列成员的相对位置、姿态和时间,还需要通信系统在编队成员间交换工程数据和科学实验数据。测量系统和通信系统都是实现航天编队飞行的核心技术。基于卫星导航技术,将卫星导航接收机、伪卫星发射机、伪码扩频序列通信和测距链路及相关数据处理模块组合,组成射频收发器,可以构成完成上述功能的测量和通信一体化系统。文中根据国外已有的实践经验阐明射频收发器设计中的交互链路设计技术,包括关于链路拓扑的考虑是采用星形网络还是网形网络;采用相控阵波束形成、分路多路径接收和多用户检测技术;采用半双工码分多址的多路传输体制和打包的信号结构;既可用兼用GPS和交互链路的相对导航,也可只用交互链路测距实现相对定位导航;在编队内外的星间通信乃至星地通信中引入移动IP功能等。航天器本身必须具备适应空间环境的耐辐射能力。

Cross-link Technologies of the Integrated Sensing and Telecommunication Systems for the Spacecraft Formation Flying

For the spacecraft formation flying,the absolute and relative positions,attitudes,and timing for a fleet of vehicles must be determined,and an adequate inter-spacecraft communication medium must be used to transmit the engineering and science data among these vehicles.Both sensors and inter-spacecraft communication systems are the technology focus areas for the spacecraft formation flying. Based on the Global Positioning System(GPS) technology,the GPS receivers,the pseudolites,the pseudo noise code spread spectrum communication and ranging links,and relevant data processing,softwares can be combined and resulted in a Radio frequency(RF)-based transceiver,which can be used to constitute the integrated sensing and telecommunication systems for the spacecraft formation flying. Based on the presented experiences,the cross-link technologies in the design of integrated sensing and telecommunication systems are described in this paper.These technologies include star versus mesh network topology tradeoffs,the addition of a phased array beamforming capability,a RAKE receiver capability,and a multi-user detection(MUD) capability,the application of multiple access communication system and a packeted signal structure,relative navigation using GPS and cross-link ranging or using cross-link ranging alone,and the application of mobile Internet Protocol(IP) in the spacecraft-spacecraft or spacecraft-earth communication.The integrated sensing and telecommunication equipment must possess the relevant radiation tolerant ability.