基于地外天体起飞的真空羽流导引技术研究方案评述

随着载人航天、深空探测的发展,探测器的地外天体发射起飞越来越多。发动机喷射的羽流所诱发的冲击振动以及反溅气流对上升级的气动力干扰,均对探测器的起飞稳定性造成不利的影响,同时也对探测器产生一定的热冲击效应。文章结合真空羽流场的流动特点和目前的研究现状,提出了基于地外天体起飞的真空羽流导引技术的研究思路、研究方法和研究路线;针对羽流导引方案,采用数值仿真和地面模拟试验相结合的方法进行了评价分析,确定了最优方案。真空羽流导引技术研究方案在某型号项目中的实施取得了良好的效果,证明了本研究思路的正确性。

Review of the studies of vacuum plume diversion technique for probe taking off from celestial bodies outside the Earth

Along with the development of manned space explorations and deep space explorations, the technology is developed for a probe taking off from a celestial body outside the earth. A high-speed plume is ejected from the engine nozzle. The vibration induced by the impact of the plume on the rising pad and the aerodynamic interference on the probe because of the backflow of the plume may affect the rising stability greatly. In the meantime, the thermal shock on the probe is produced. The plume swells freely in vacuum with different flow characteristics than the ground-based launching gas flow. Therefore, the plume may have deeper and wider influences and warrant an urgent study of the vacuum plume diversion technique. Based on the flow characteristics of the plume and the current research results, this paper proposes to study the probe taking off from the lunar surface, based on the vacuum plume diversion technique, to turn the passive protection to the active prevention. It is suggested that the numerical simulation and the ground simulation test are combined.