载人登月舱概念设计阶段多方案比较方法初探

载人登月舱是完成载人登月任务的关键环节，也是登月飞行器系统的核心部分。由于登月舱推进剂占总质量的70％以上，因此在概念设计阶段，多方案比较应重点针对推进剂类型及其对应的构型开展对比分析，从而明确总体方案的深入方向。文章给出了该多方案比较的基本思路，并利用美国Altair登月舱作为实例具体说明该方法的基本流程，首先开展月面着陆器的分级方案选择分析、多种推进剂选择分析，并根据推进剂选择分析的结果，完成上升级、二级方案下降级、三级方案制动级的构型方案分析以及气闸舱的布局分析，最后给出组合多种可行方案，并对多种方案进行综合评价，开展比较分析，筘得帚倦对比音塞曲詹缝铖人签目舱柏袷证工椎打下了基础。

Study on Alternatives Comparison Method of Manned Lunar Module in Concept Design Stage

Manned lunar module is a key element in a manned moon mission and the core of a lunar sys- tem. Because more than 70% of the total mass of the lunar module is propellant, in the conceptual design stage, alternatives should focus on comparing and analysing propellant types and module configuration. In this paper, firstly the basic idea of the alternatives comparison is given and then, by using the Altair lunar lander as an example, of the basic flow of the method is put forward： to carry out analysis of the moon landing options, choice of propellant, and to complete the ascent stage, descent stage of two stages program, brake stage of three stage configuration analyses according to the selected propellant and airlock layout analysis. Finally, a variety of possible options are combined and evaluated comprehensively to obtain a final selected program, which can lay the foundation for the subseouent manned lunar module definitinn