高分辨星载海洋微波辐射测量技术发展综述

星载微波辐射计作为海洋观测的一种重要技术手段，能够全天时、全天候对海洋环境参数进行长期连续的观测，具有宽幅、高精度等特点，能够为数值预报、台风监测、防灾减灾等应用提供重要保障。随着海洋应用需求不断提升，星载海洋微波辐射探测技术也向着更高分辨率、更高精度的方向发展。文章对高分辨率海洋微波辐射测量新技术的概念、系统组成以及发展情况进行了介绍，包括基于密集馈源阵列的多波束推扫辐射计、集中式综合孔径辐射计以及分布式综合孔径辐射计。文章结合三种高分辨率微波辐射测量技术的特点和当前技术水平对未来星载海洋微波辐射测量技术的发展思路进行了讨论，对其中的重要的关键技术进行了梳理，并针对不同应用需求给出了发展建议。

A review of the development of high-resolution spaceborne ocean microwave radiation measurement techniques

As an important technological tool for ocean observation, spaceborne microwave radiometers can continuously observe ocean environmental parameters all-day and all-weather, with characteristics such as wide range and high accuracy. It can provide important guarantees for numerical forecasting, typhoon monitoring, disaster prevention and reduction, and other applications. With the increasing demand for ocean applications, spaceborne ocean microwave radiometry technology is developing towards higher resolution and precision. The article introduces the concept, system composition, and development of new technologies for high-resolution ocean microwave radiometry, including multi-beam push-broom radiometers based on dense feed arrays, traditional interferometric radiometers, and distributed interferometric radiometers. Based on the characteristics and current technological level of three high-resolution microwave radiometry technologies, the development ideas of future spaceborne ocean microwave radiometry technologies were discussed, and development suggestions were given for different application needs.