基于脉冲星的空间飞行器自主导航技术研究

研究了利用X射线脉冲星实现空间飞行器自主导航的原理,指出通过测量脉冲星发射的脉冲到达航天器与到达太阳系质心的时间差可以确定该航天器的位置。给出了两种适合用于处理脉冲星观测量的方法,即基于最小二乘(LS)的方法和基于卡尔曼滤波(KF)的方法。通过数值仿真验证了X射线脉冲星自主导航技术的可行性,并且说明采用KF算法能够有效利用卫星轨道运动方程中包含的导航信息,从而获得更高的导航精度。

Research on the Spacecraft Autonomous Navigation Using Pulsars

The spacecraft autonomous navigation technique using X-ray pulsars is studied in this paper.It is demonstrated that the position of a spacecraft can be determined based on the pulsar observation which is obtained by comparing the arrival time of a pulsar signal at a spacecraft and the arrival time of the same pulse at the solar system barycenter.The least square(LS) method and the Kalman filter(KF) algorithm are used respectively to fuse the information obtained from the pulsars.The efficiency of the proposed technique is illustrated through numerical simulations,and it is shown that the estimation of the KF is more accurate as the information contained in the satellite orbit model can be used when the KF is adopted.