载人飞船返回舱再入着陆力学环境防护技术改进

文章对弹道-升力式载人飞船返回舱再入着陆力学环境及其乘员和舱载仪器设备的防护措施进行了理论分析和试验研究。适当的返回舱座椅安装角度有利于乘员承受再入过载。座椅缓冲系统是吸收着陆冲击能量、保护乘员最重要的环节,发挥返回舱结构缓冲吸能作用也是改善着陆冲击环境的有效措施。合理设计返回舱设备布局和安装形式可保护舱载设备免受着陆冲击损坏。防护措施的改进可有效保护乘员免受伤害,保证舱载仪器设备正常工作。

Improvement on Protecting Technology Against the Reentry and Landing Mechanical Environment of Manned Spacecraft Return Module

This paper presents the analysis and test research on reentry and landing mechanical environment of ballistic-lifted manned spacecraft return module and the protecting measure for its crew and equipments.Suitable fixing angle of the seat is beneficial to endure the reentry overload for the crew.Seat damping system is the most important factor to absorb the landing impact energy and protect the crew,and the damping effect of the module structure is also helpful to ameliorate the landing impact environment.Reasonable design of equipments layout and fixing form of the module may protect them from landing impact.The consideration above is able to ensure the safety of the crew and normal running of the equipments.