空间激光通信现状、发展趋势及关键技术分析

针对目前空间激光通信的背景需求,介绍了国内外星、空、地、海等平台间的空间激光通信研究与试验现状。通过对空间激光通信现状的分析,并结合科研实践,归纳出空间激光通信的高速率、网络化、多用途、一体化、多谱段5个未来发展趋势。在此基础上,从空间激光通信系统的光学结构、通信收发以及环境影响等方面,着重分析了高质量光学系统设计、高精度捕获对准跟踪、大气信道影响补偿、高速率高功率发射、高灵敏度低误码探测、一对多通信网络、平台振动与姿态补偿、器件部件空间适应性8项关键技术,并提出相关技术的解决方法和途径,进而给出须进一步深入研究的方向,展示了空间激光通信良好的应用前景。

Analysis of the Status Quo, Development Trend and Key Technologies of Space Laser Communication

The status quo of research and experiments home and abroad in the field of space laser communication between platforms including satellites, aircraft, ground and submarines are introduced to meet the demand for space laser communication.We summarize five trends of the development of space laser communication,i.e.high speed, networking, multi-purpose, integration and multi-spectrum, based on the analysis of the status quo of space laser communication and research and development practices.From the perspectives of optical structure, communication transceivers and environmental impact of space laser communication systems, we analyze eight main key technologies, i.e.the design of high-quality optical systems, high-accuracy acquisition and alignment tracking, compensation for impact of atmospheric channels, high rate and high power transmission, high sensitivity and low BER (Bit Error Rate) detection, point-to-multi-point communication network, compensation for platform vibration and attitude, and space qualification of devices and components.Meanwhile,the solutions and approaches are given for the key technologies.The areas for further research are also proposed for good prospect of application of space laser communication.