Role of support afferentation in control of the tonic muscle activity |
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| Institution: | 1. Center for Physiological Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Medical University in Graz, Harrachgasse 21, Graz 8010, Austria;2. Cologne, Germany;1. Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS, Moscow, Russia;2. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, IN, USA;3. Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia;1. Democritus University of Thrace, School of Engineering, Building I, Vas. Sofias 12, Xanthi 671 00, Greece;2. CETI/ATHENA Research & Innovation Centre, Xanthi, Greece;1. Grupo de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados y Energía, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín, Colombia;2. Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín, Colombia;1. Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Japan;2. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan;3. Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness & Sports, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan |
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| Abstract: | The paper summarizes the results of experimental studies advocating for the leading role of support afferentation in control of the functional organization of the tonic muscle system. It is shown that transition to supportless conditions is followed by a significant decline of transverse stiffness and maximal voluntary force of postural (extensor) muscles limiting their participation in locomotion and increasing involvement of phasic muscles. Mechanical stimulation of the support zones of the soles under the supportless conditions eliminates all the above-mentioned effects, including changes in transverse stiffness and maximal voluntary forces of postural muscles, and consequent loss of influence of postural muscles in the locomotor activity. It is suggested that support afferentation, facilitating (support is present) or suppressing (support is absent) the tonic motor units (MUs) activities, defines the coordination patterns of postural synergies, and ensures the optimal strategy of corrective postural responses. |
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