Earth observation and the public good |
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| Authors: | Ray Harris Lewis Miller |
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| Institution: | 1. IAPS-INAF, via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, Rome 00133, Italy;2. Cornell University, Astronomy Department, 418 Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;3. NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA;4. Planetary Science Institute, USA;5. Physics Department, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;6. Carl Sagan Center, SETI institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA;7. Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, via del Politecnico, snc, Rome 00133, Italy;8. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA;1. Colorado State University, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics,Fort Collins, CO 80523;2. US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg. C, Fort Collins, CO 80526. |
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| Abstract: | The term ‘public good’ is often used in satellite Earth observation to indicate that Earth observation data are of value or interest to the public. In fact, the term ‘public good’ has a more specific meaning, originating in the discipline of Economics, which carries with it a set of assumptions and implications about how markets operate. In this context a public good has two main characteristics: non-rivalry and non-excludability. In their most common digital format, Earth observation data can appear to be both non-rivalrous and non-excludable. However, it is not the digital medium itself which controls the ‘publicness’ of a good but the conditions of access to that good. This paper explores the meaning of the concept of public goods in an Earth observation context by, first, examining public good theory and related concepts of categories of goods and, second, applying the concepts to nine Earth observation missions, programmes and data. |
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