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Exospheres and Energetic Neutral Atoms of Mars, Venus and Titan |
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| Authors: | Yoshifumi Futaana Jean-Yves Chaufray H. Todd Smith Philippe Garnier Herbert Lichtenegger Magda Delva Hannes Gr?ller Alessandro Mura |
| Affiliation: | 1. Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, Kiruna, 98128, Sweden 2. LMD/IPSL, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France 3. Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA 4. UPS, CESR, Universite de Toulouse, 9 ave colonel Roche, 31028, Toulouse cedex 9, France 5. UMR5187, CNRS, 31028, Toulouse, France 6. Institut f??r Weltraumforschung, ?sterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Schmiedlstrasse 6, 8042, Graz, Austria 7. Institute of Interplanetary Space Physics/INAF, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Roma, Italia |
| Abstract: | Our understanding of the upper atmosphere of unmagnetized bodies such as Mars, Venus and Titan has improved significantly in this decade. Recent observations by in situ and remote sensing instruments on board Mars Express, Venus Express and Cassini have revealed characteristics of the neutral upper atmospheres (exospheres) and of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs). The ENA environment in the vicinity of the bodies is by itself a significant study field, but ENAs are also used as a diagnostic tool for the exosphere and the interaction with the upstream plasmas. Synergy between theoretical and modeling work has also improved considerably. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of our understanding of the neutral environment in the vicinity of unmagnetized planets. |
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