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An Observational Overview of Solar Flares |
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| Authors: | L Fletcher B R Dennis H S Hudson S Krucker K Phillips A Veronig M Battaglia L Bone A Caspi Q Chen P Gallagher P T Grigis H Ji W Liu R O Milligan M Temmer |
| Institution: | 1. School of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK 2. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA 4. Space Sciences Laboratory, U.C. Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7450, USA 5. Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, RH5 CNT, UK 6. Institute for Geophysics, Astrophysics and Meteorology, University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria 8. Stanford University Physics Department, Varian Building, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA 9. School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland 10. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA 11. Purple Mountain Observatory, 2 W. Beijing Rd, Nanjing, 210008, China 12. Big Bear Solar Observatory, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 40386 North Shore Lane, Big Bear City, CA, 92314, USA 13. Stanford-Lockheed Institute for Space Research, 466 Via Ortega, Cypress Hall, Stanford, CA, 94305-4085, USA 3. School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen??s University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK 7. Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 5, 8010, Graz, Austria |
| Abstract: | We present an overview of solar flares and associated phenomena, drawing upon a wide range of observational data primarily from the RHESSI era. Following an introductory discussion and overview of the status of observational capabilities, the article is split into topical sections which deal with different areas of flare phenomena (footpoints and ribbons, coronal sources, relationship to coronal mass ejections) and their interconnections. We also discuss flare soft X-ray spectroscopy and the energetics of the process. The emphasis is to describe the observations from multiple points of view, while bearing in mind the models that link them to each other and to theory. The present theoretical and observational understanding of solar flares is far from complete, so we conclude with a brief discussion of models, and a list of missing but important observations. |
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