基于形状记忆合金的空间分离装置研究进展

航天器需要分离装置实现空间分离功能，传统的火工品分离装置存在高冲击、高污染以及不可重复使用等缺点，形状记忆合金（shape memory alloy, SMA）可以有效解决传统火工品分离装置的不足。文章对国际上基于形状记忆合金的空间分离装置（shape memory alloy release device, SMARD）的研究现状进行了概述，对不同类型的 SMA 分离装置的研究进展加以介绍，进一步分析了用于微小卫星的分离装置研究进展；分别从承载能力、质量、体积、冲击性能、分离时间、重置性、兼容性七个方面对这些装置进行了分析对比，提出了进一步开发新型SMARD的建议，为SMARD的选择、设计和深入研究提供有益的参考。

Non-pyrotechnic Separation Devices Research Based on Shape Memory Alloy

Spacecraft need separation devices to realize space separation function. The traditional pyro-technic separation devices have the drawbacks of high shock, contamination and unavailability of reset. Appli-cation of shape memory alloys （SMA） in separation devices brings the dawn. In this article, the research status of shape memory alloy release device （SMARD） is summarized and different types of SMA separation device are introduced. These devices have been analyzed and compared in seven aspects including carrying capacity, mass, volume, impact characteristics, separation time, reset and compatibility, some suggestion on development of new type SMARD is proposed; The summary and analysis in this article provide some reference for selection, design and further research of SMARD.