各向异性单晶叶片强度寿命研究—第I部分:晶体滑移本构模型及应用

单晶叶片技术是提高航空发动机及地面燃气轮机性能、寿命及可靠性的关键技术之一，但单晶材料机械、力学性能的各向异性特性制约了其发展和应用，对其工程应用及应用的理论基础提出了挑战。课题组开展了各向异性单晶叶片强度分析和寿命预测方面的一些研究工作。包括：建立并验证了弹塑性、蠕变滑移本构模型及蠕变持久寿命预测方法；进行了不同晶体取向DD3单晶在不同温度、不同速率或不同温度、不同应力水平下的拉伸试验及蠕变试验，这些实验数据及由其反映的单晶中、高温各向异性特性对单晶材料的应用具有重要意义。此外还进行了某种单晶叶片的实验研究。作为上述研究的应用，对某发动机单晶涡轮叶片进行了强度分析和寿命预测。本文这一部分介绍本构模型及应用，实验研究将在第II部分介绍。

Study on Strength and Life of Anisotropic Single Crystal Blade—Part I: Crystallographic Constitutive Models and Applications

The single crystal blade is one of the key technologies for improving the performance, durability and reliability of aero-engines and ground gas-turbine engines. However, the anisotropic mechanical properties of the single crystal material makes a great deal of difficulties on the development and the application of the single crystal blade, which is a challenge for the engineering application of the single crystal superalloy and the theoretic bases of the application. Some researches on the strength analysis and the life prediction of the anisotropic single crystal blade were carried out by the authors' research team. They are as follows. The crystallographic constitutive models for the plastic and the creep behaviors and the method of the rupture life prediction were established and verified. The tensile or the creep experiments for DD3 single crystal alloy with different orientations under different temperatures and different tensile rates or under different temperatures and different stress levels were carried out. The experimental data and the anisotropic properties at intermediate and high temperatures revealed by the experiments are significant for the application of the single crystal alloy. In addition, the experimental research for a kind of single crystal blade was also made. As the application of the researches the strength analysis and the life prediction were carried out for the single crystal blade of a certain aero-engine. In this part, the constitutive models and their applications are described, and the experimental research work will be described in part II.