箭上电磁环境检测接收天线研究

针对目前运载火箭舱内电磁环境愈发复杂且没有有效的测量手段的问题，研制了一种超宽带无源小型化接收天线。该天线采用多个整形单极子的方式拓展带宽并达到小型化目的。接收天线的测量频率范围覆盖500 MHz~6 GHz，尺寸约为60 mm×60 mm×100 mm。通过加入低噪声放大器，使可测量的最低电场强度不高于1 mV/m。由于多个整形极子天线存在相互干扰情况，因此接收天线在频率响应上与理论值存在差异，该差异可以通过校准进行消除。通过数值仿真和样机试验测试，该天线系统的测量能力良好，符合设计预期。将该接收天线应用装载在运载火箭舱内，可以对目前已知的箭上无线系统发射频段进行有效测量，对飞行过程中箭上真实电磁环境的确认、舱内电磁兼容设计、箭地无线链路设计具有重要作用。

Receiving Antenna Research for Electromagnetic Environment Detection on Launch Vehicles

In view of the increasingly complex electromagnetic environment in the launch vehicle compartment and the lack of effective measurement methods, an ultra-wideband passive miniaturized receiving antenna is proposed. Several shaped monopoles have been adopted in the proposed antenna for expanding the frequency bandwidth and minimization. The effective frequency bandwidth of the receive antenna covers 500 MHz~6 GHz. The size in three dimension is about 60 mm×60 mm×100 mm. Through the LNA added, the lower limit of the dynamic range can down to 1 mV/m. Due to the disturbance between the antennas, the frequency response differs from the theoretical value, which can be reduced through calibration. Through numerical simulation and the experiment, the performance of the antenna meets the expectation. The receiving antenna mounted in the cabin can measure the emit of wireless system effectively, which is significant for determination of the actual EM field in cabin, EMC and wireless link design.