飞行器雷电直接效应与间接效应防护综述

雷电直接效应和间接效应对飞行器的安全构成威胁,大量复合材料的使用使飞行器内部电磁环境更加复杂。文章首先总结了雷电对金属材料、不导电复合材料和导电复合材料的直接效应和对应的防护方法,简要介绍了磁力效应,构件搭接处起弧的防护方法。其次,简要分析了雷电间接效应,并针对不同的耦合方式采用不同的防护方法,对于辐射耦合采用屏蔽措施,对于传导耦合采用端口部件防护。最后,总结雷电间接效应防护的几个原则,为飞行器雷电防护设计提供参考。

Protection of Direct and Indirect Effects of Lightning on Aircraft

The direct and indirect effects of lightning pose a threat to the safety of aircraft. The use of a large number of composite makes the electromagnetic environment inside aircraft more complex. Firstly, this paper summarizes the direct effects of lightning on metal materials, non-conductive composites, conductive composites and corresponding protection methods. Secondly, the paper briefly analyzes indirect effect of lightning. Different protection methods are adopted for different coupling modes. Shielding methods are adopted for radiation coupling and port components are used for transmission coupling. Finally, several principles of lightning indirect effect protection are summarized to provide reference for lightning protection and design of aircraft.