重力对载人航天器密封舱内空气对流换热影响的数值分析

地面重力环境中进行航天器密封舱内空气通风换热试验时,由于自然对流的存在导致换热量和温度分布与空间微重力环境中的情况存在偏差。文章针对航天器密封舱,建立了舱内空气对流换热的数值模型,利用数值模拟软件对有无重力时典型工况下的对流换热进行了数值模拟及模拟结果的对比分析。分析表明重力对壁面换热量的影响较大,而对空气温度及分布的影响较小;且重力的影响随空气与壁面温差的增大而增大,随通风流量的增大而减小,舱间通风也会减小重力的影响。因此在重力环境中进行试验时需要对壁面换热量进行修正。

Numerical analysis of the influence of gravity on the air convection heat transfer in manned spacecraft pressured cabins

The natural convection results of the heat transfer and the temperature distribution under the on-orbit condition in the manned spacecraft pressured cabin would be different from those obtained during the terrestrial test. A numerical model for the manned spacecraft pressured cabin is built and solved by the simulation software. The results including the lg and 0g states are compared with respect to the air flow and the heat transfer. It is shown that the gravity has a significant effect on the heat transfer of the wall, and little effect on the air temperature. The effect of the gravity becomes more significant with the increase of the temperature difference between the air and the wall. The air flow enhancement and the ventilation between cabins impair the effect of the gravity. A correction must be made for the heat transfer of the wall during the terrestrial test in a gravity field.