民用飞机驾驶舱设计变革

民用飞机驾驶舱设计历经了数代的发展,从原始简单衍变至复杂集成,继而往简约智能化方向发展。同时驾驶舱设计理念也在不断进步,从"以功能为中心"的设计理念衍变为"以人为中心"的设计理念,但不同制造商对此理念的理解存在差异,体现在对使用者"驾驶员"角色的定位差异明显。从该设计理念出发,提出了基于驾驶舱运行场景的正向设计方法,通过充分识别运行场景并提取和转化设计需求,设计出人机匹配度高的驾驶舱。随着各种新技术的成熟应用,"以人为中心"设计理念为牵引,利用基于驾驶舱运行场景的驾驶舱正向设计方法,将引领新一代民用飞机驾驶舱设计的变革,并展望了民机驾驶舱在人机交互方式、驾驶舱布置和布局、驾驶舱视景和驾驶舱综合环境等方面的发展趋势。

The cockpit design evolution of civil aircraft

The civil aircraft cockpit design have grown through generations,and the characteristic of cockpit have evolved from the original simple to complex integration,then to the direction of simple and intelligent.The cockpit design philosophy has also advanced constantly,which evolved from function-centered design to human-centered design.However,different aircraft manufacturers have significantly different understanding on the philosophy,which is reflected in the obvious difference in the positioning of the user’s"pilot"role.Based on the design concept,this paper proposes a new forward design method based on cockpit operation scenes.With various new technologies and human-centered design philosophy getting mature,the next future cockpit based on the foward design is coming,and cockpit scenes are taken into account during design process.Meanwhile,we look forward to the future about the trends of man-machine interaction,cockpit layout,cockpit views and cockpit environment.