民航飞行员飞行错觉的应对

飞行员的飞行错觉一直是威胁飞行安全的一大隐患,历来是航空医学、航空心理学等领域的研究热点,但其在民航飞行中没有受到足够重视。本文通过查阅近40年来发生的由飞行错觉引起的严重民航飞行事故,结合其他学者的研究结果,提出飞行错觉应在民航飞行中受到更大程度的重视;基于近20年来国内外有关飞行错觉产生机制和训练方法与效果的研究成果,给出了以下应对飞行错觉的建议:从多层面检查前庭;筛选飞行员时增加场独立和视觉空间认知能力的测量;改变飞行仪表显示方式;飞行错觉恢复训练的模拟机程序(针对视性错觉的除外)应使用动态的背景。

Civil Aviation Pilots' Coping with Flight Illusions

Pilots＇ flight illusion has been one major threat to flight safety and has been studied much in the field of aviation medicine and aviation psychology. But its importance has been underes- timated in civil aviation. By searching the records of the severe accidents caused by flight illusions in civil aviation, and based on other scholars＇ study results, the perspective is put forward that civil avia- tion pilots＇ flight illusion should be stressed more. Suggestions are made based on the study results in the last two decades： multiple inspecting on vestibule system, measuring field independence trait and visual spatial cognitive ability in screening pilots, improving flight instrument display, and applying motion-based simulator training for flight illusion.