临近空间大气环境落球探测中的科氏力影响

气象火箭落球探测技术是临近空间大气环境探测的重要方法。在落球探测数据处理过程中，通常忽略科氏力项的影响。本文利用经验预报模式构建落球探测正演仿真模型，并根据落球探测原理建立参数反演模型，在此基础上仿真模拟了落球探测数据处理过程中忽略科氏力项对大气参数反演精度的影响。在95~100 km高度范围内，忽略科氏力项将引起温度、密度、纬向风和经向风等大气参数较大反演误差，其误差特性随探测点纬度、各方向初始速度等呈现不同的变化规律，之后反演误差将随高度下降而逐渐下降。当高度下降至约70 km时科氏力项带来的影响基本可以忽略不计。研究结果表明在临近空间大气环境落球探测数据处理过程中不能忽略科氏力项的影响。本文结果对提高落球探测大气参数反演精度具有重要的参考价值。

Impact of Coriolis Force in the Falling-sphere Detection of Near-Space Atmospheric Environment

Meteorological rocket falling-sphere detection technology is an important method for detecting atmospheric environment in near space. The influence of Coriolis force was usually ignored in the data processing of falling-sphere detection. The empirical forecasting models were used to build a forward simulation model for falling-sphere detection, and a parameter inversion model was established according to the principle of falling-sphere detection. The forward model and inversion model were combined to simulate the inversion error of retrieved parameters when ignoring the Coriolis force term. In the height range of 95 ~ 100 km, the inversion errors of atmospheric parameters such as temperature, density, zonal wind and meridional wind are relatively large, and the error characteristics vary with the latitude of the detection point and the initial velocity in each direction. After that, the inversion error gradually decreases as the height decreases. When it drops to about 70km, the influence caused by the Coriolis force term is gradually negligible. The research results show that the influence of the Coriolis force term can’t be ignored during the data processing of falling-sphere detection. The results of this paper have an important reference value for improving the accuracy of atmospheric parameter inversion for falling-sphere detection.