空天飞机的风洞试验

本文首先分析了一级入轨和两级入轨的空天飞机对风洞试验的要求,指出现有风洞试验能力在空天飞机推进试验方面存在明显的不足,然后评述了美国常规风洞和脉冲风洞的最近进展。主要讨论了不同加热形式的常规风洞的特点,介绍了美国可供空天飞机推进试验用的现有常规风洞和最近改建的设备;分析了脉冲风洞用于推进试验的优缺点,介绍了激波风洞、自由活塞激波风洞和膨胀管用于推进试验的情况。最后对我国的风洞发展如何满足空天飞机的要求提出了建议。

THE WIND TUNNEL TESTING FOR AERO-SPACE PLANE

The requirements of the wind tunnel testing for the Aero-Space Plane of one stage te orbit and of two stage to orbit are analysedin this paper.The recent progress of conventional wind tunnels and pulsewind tunnels in America are reviewed.The peculiarities for the conven-tional wind tunnels used different forms of heating are discussed.Theexisting conventional wind tunnels and the recent modified facilities toprovide the propulsion testing for the Aero-Spaceplane are introduced.The advantages and disadvantages of the pulse wind tunnels for thepropulsion testing are analysed.The state of the shock tunnels,the freepiston shock tunnels,the expansion tubes provided the propulsion testingare introduced,Finally,the proposals that how wind tunnels in our coun-try meet the requirements for the Aero-Space Plane are put forward.