青海省柴达木盆地大气电场随高度的变化特征

大气电场强度是大气电学的重要参数.大气电场的准确测量及其时空特性对研究空间天气活动、气象活动以及大型地质活动具有重要意义.2019年8月26日和28日，中国科学院鸿鹄专项团队在青海省海西蒙古自治州大柴旦镇地区放飞搭载模式电场仪的探空气球，测量了不同高度的大气电场强度.利用互相关函数法和主成分分析法研究了此次气球实验得到的电场数据.结果表明，尽管通常情况下决定大气垂直电场大小的主要因素是高度，但是该地区风场对大气电场强度的影响也比较显著.晴天大气条件下，有无薄云的存在对大气电场测量存在一定影响，有云条件下，风速会通过影响云的形成间接影响到大气电场.此外，柴达木盆地存在一个易受下垫面影响的大气电场边界层，分析表明这个边界层厚度在3km以上.对边界层大气电场变化以及晴天无云时3600m以上的大气电场分布进行了分析和拟合. 

Characteristics of the Atmospheric Electric Field Distribution with Height in Qaidam Basin of Qinghai Province

The intensity of atmospheric electric field is an important parameter of atmospheric electricity. Accurate measurements of atmospheric electric field and the analysis of its spatial and temporal characteristics are of great significance to study space weather activities, meteorological activities and geological activities. In the morning of August 26 and 28, the ballooning experiments with atmospheric electric field detector were done by Honghu Project of Chinese Academy of Science in Da Qaidam region of Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province. By using cross-correlation function method and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to analyze the data from the mill electric field instruments aboard the balloons respectively, it is demonstrated that although height is the main factor determining the strength of vertical atmospheric electric field, wind also has significant effect on the strength of the atmospheric electric field in this area. Under fair-weather conditions, the absence of thin clouds has some influence on the measurement of atmospheric electric fields. When there are clouds, the speed of wind will indirectly affect the atmospheric electric fields by affecting the formation of clouds. In addition, there is an atmospheric electric field boundary layer in the Qaidam Basin susceptible to the underlying surface. The thickness of this boundary layer is more than 3 kilometers. The changes in the atmospheric electric field in the boundary layer and the distribution of the atmospheric electric field above 3600m were analyzed and fitted when there were no clouds under fair-weather conditions.